BCH 414 Endocrine Biochemistry & Biochemical Regulation Summary and Assignment Solutions
BCH 414 Endocrine Biochemistry & Biochemical Regulation Summary and Assignment Solutions – Endocrine Biochemistry is a versatile topic that needs much concentration to enable faster assimilation of every bit of it. It comprises of the biochemical reactions that take place in the human body via the hormones. Understanding the topic will help you do well in your examination and also help you teach very well while handling the course.
Endocrine system consists of organs, glands and cells that secretes biochemical substances such as hormones and releases them to the blood where they are transferred to organs and tissues to carry out their biochemical functions.
Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted directly into the blood, which carries them to organs and tissues of the body to exert their functions.
A gland is an organ which produces and releases substances that perform a specific function in the body.
Contents
Types of Glands
- Adipose tissue
- Adrenal glands
- Hypothalamus
- Kidneys
- Ovaries
- Pancreas
- Parathyroid glands
- Pineal gland
- Pituitary gland
- Placenta
- Testes
- Thyroid gland
Some questions on Endocrine System (Hormones) and their Answers
Which gland’s hormones include estrogen, progesterone, inhibin?
This question could be confusing most at times to people that knows much about Adrenal gland and Pituitary gland but we will try to simplify it for you.
The pituitary gland is to secrete hormones into your bloodstream. These hormones can affect other organs and glands, especially your: thyroid, reproductive organs and adrenal glands.
Adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress and other essential functions.
Estrogen is a hormone that helps develop and maintain both the reproductive system and female characteristics, such as breasts and pubic hair.
Progesterone is a female sex hormone that helps to regulate your cycle. But its main job is to get your uterus ready for pregnancy.
Inhibin is secreted in the ovaries of the female and testes of the male.
The Pituitary Gland produce hormones involved with sex and reproduction are the pituitary gland, the gonads, and the adrenal glands.
Adrenal gland outer part, called the cortex, secretes sex hormones, since it is made up of tissue that is similar to that found in the ovaries and testes such as estrogen and progesterone.
Answer: Adrenal gland’s hormones include estrogen, progesterone, inhibin
Which gland controls the hormones responsible for “fight or flight” in response to fear, pain, or other stresses?
The adrenal glands are two glands that sit on top of your kidneys that are made up of two distinct parts. The adrenal cortex—the outer part of the gland—produces hormones that are vital to life, such as cortisol (which helps regulate metabolism and helps your body respond to stress) and aldosterone (which helps control blood pressure). The adrenal medulla—the inner part of the gland—produces nonessential (that is, you don’t need them to live) hormones, such as adrenaline (which helps your body react to stress).
Answer: Adrenal gland controls the hormones responsible for “fight or flight” in response to fear, pain, or other stresses
Which gland’s hormone increases blood calcium levels, and decreases bone calcium level by stimulating osteoclasts?
Parathyroid glands are four small glands of the endocrine system which regulate the calcium in our bodies.
Answer: Parathyroid gland’s hormone increases blood calcium levels, and decreases bone calcium level by stimulating osteoclasts
Which gland produces and secretes 3 classes of corticosteroids; mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol, hydrocortisone, corticosterone), and sex steroids (estrogen, testosterone)?
Answer: Adrenal Gland secretes the three classes of corticosteroids
Which gland is stimulated by ACTH from the anterior pituitary?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by the pituitary gland. Its key function is to stimulate the production and release of cortisol from the cortex (outer part) of the adrenal gland.
Answer: Adrenal gland is stimulated by ACTH from the anterior pituitary
Which gland contains the Islets of Langerhans, which are cell clusters (1-2 million) that produce hormones?
The pancreas is a glandular organ in the upper abdomen, but really it serves as two glands in one: a digestive exocrine gland and a hormone-producing endocrine gland. Functioning as an exocrine gland, the pancreas excretes enzymes to break down the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids in food.
Answer: Pancreas gland contains the Islets of Langerhans, which are cell clusters (1-2 million) that produce hormones
Which gland’s hormones include testosterone and inhibin?
Answer: Pituitary gland’s hormones include testosterone and inhibin
Which gland secretes Calcitonin, which decreases calcium levels in the blood, and increases calcium uptake from the bones by stimulating osteoblasts?
Calcitonin reduces Blood Calcium Level and it is secreted by the Thyroid gland.
Parathyroid hormone is the opposite. It increases blood calcium levels and is secreted by the Parathyroid gland.
Answer: Thyroid gland secretes Calcitonin, which decreases calcium levels in the blood, and increases calcium uptake from the bones by stimulating osteoblasts?
Which gland doesn’t produce hormones, it stores and releases two hypothalamic produced hormones OXT and ADH?
Answer: Pituitary gland (Posterior pituitary gland) doesn’t produce hormones, it stores and releases two hypothalamic produced hormones OXT and ADH
Which gland secretes “releasing” hormones like CRH, GnRh, GHIH, TRH, PIH?
The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that has a vital role in controlling many bodily functions including the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
Answer: Hypothalamus gland secretes “releasing” hormones like CRH, GnRh, GHIH, TRH, PIH
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