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Sepsis Infectious Disease Outbreak Worldwide: Causes, Sources, Symptoms and Prevention Measures

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What is Sepsis?

Sepsis also called septicemia arises when the body’s response to an infection injures its own tissues and organs. It may lead to shock, multi-organ failure, and death – especially if not recognized early and treated promptly. Sepsis is the final common pathway to death from most infectious diseases. Sepsis is also your body’s life-threatening response to an infection.

Sources of Sepsis

The most common sources of sepsis include:

  • Meningitis
  • Skin or soft tissue infection
  • Catheter-related infection
  • Urinary tract infection
  • Pneumonia
  • Bloodstream infection
  • Abdominal infections e.g. appendicitis, infectious diarrhea, gallbladder infection etc.

Symptoms of Sepsis

These symptoms might indicate sepsis

  • Slurred speech or confusion
  • Extreme shivering or muscle pain/fever
  • Passing no urine all day
  • Severe breathlessness
  • It feels like you’re going to die
  • Skin mottled or discoloured
  • Temperature – higher or lower than normal

Global Health Crisis of Sepsis

According to world sepsis day:

  • 27, 000, 000 – 30, 000, 000 people per year develop sepsis
  • 7, 000, 000 – 9, 000, 000 die – 1 death every 3.5 seconds
  • Survivors may face lifelong consequences
  • World sepsis day is every September 13th.
  • 258,000 Americans die from sepsis each year
  • Sepsis is the third leading cause of death in the U.S. after heart disease and cancer
  • 5+ million children worldwide die from sepsis each year
  • 6 million cases of sepsis in the U>S every year
  • 55% of Americans have ever heard of the word ‘Sepsis’

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Steps or Stages of Sepsis

  • Temperature – greater than 100.4F or less than 96.8F
  • RR is greater than 20 and HR is greater than 90
  • WBC (White Blood Cell) is greater than 12,000 or less than 4,000

Range of people that can get sepsis

Everybody can get sepsis – certain people are at even higher risk

  • Children under 1
  • Adults over 60 years
  • People with no spleen
  • People with chronic diseases e.g. lung, liver, heart
  • People with weakened immune systems e.g. AIDS, diabetes

Prevention of Sepsis

Prevention and early treatment could save thousands of lives.

  • Good hand hygiene saves lives: Around 10 – 20% of all sepsis cases at hospitals are caused by poor hygiene both by visitors and hospital staff. Therefore, proper hand hygiene can prevent sepsis
  • Vaccinations protect you and others: Vaccinations reduce the risk of infections such as pneumonia. People without a spleen, children and older people are particularly susceptible to infections.
  • Sepsis is usually easy to treat if it is detected early

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